Method for repairing a rotor and rotor

ABSTRACT

A rotor has a rotor core with protruding fingers defining slots for conductors and support blocks at the axial ends of the fingers fixed by screws. The fingers have holes for housing the screws. The method for repairing the rotor includes removing the screws and support blocks, drilling the holes to increase the diameter thereof, providing plugs into the holes.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to PCT/EP2013/055904 filed Mar. 21,2013, which claims priority to European application 12160951.5 filedMar. 23, 2012, both of which are hereby incorporated in theirentireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a method for repairing a rotor. Therotor is a rotor of a rotating electric machine, such as for example asynchronous generator to be connected to a gas or steam turbine(turbogenerator) or a synchronous generator to be connected to a hydroturbine (hydro generator) or an asynchronous generator or a synchronousor asynchronous electric motor or also other types of electric machines.

BACKGROUND

Rotors of a rotating electric machine can have an active part with arotor core and rotor fingers defining slots for rotor windings.

At the axial ends of the rotor fingers, supports for the rotor windings(support blocks) are provided; these supports are fixed to the rotorfingers by screws that are inserted in threaded holes of the rotorfingers. A retaining ring is connected to each end of the active part,to protect and withhold the rotor windings.

During operation, the zones of the fingers around the threaded holes canbe damaged, because the material is exposed to cyclic loading andpossibly fatigue due to the start up cycles.

The damage can include:

-   -   visible cracks, i.e. cracks extending over the surface of the        rotor fingers,    -   non-visible cracks, i.e. cracks extending within the fingers but        not over the surface thereof,    -   non-cracked fingers.

During maintenance, in case of visible or non-visible cracks, thefingers are usually repaired by removing the damaged material andreplacing it by welding new material to rebuild the removed parts of thefingers.

In case of non-cracked fingers, usually no actions are carried out.Nevertheless, in some cases, even if the fingers have no cracks when themaintenance is carried out, the material thereof is already damaged (forexample by fatigue), such that cracks can be formed also a short timeafter the maintenance.

SUMMARY

An aspect of the disclosure includes providing a method to deal withnon-cracked parts of a rotor finger.

These and further aspects are attained by providing a method and a rotorin accordance with the accompanying claims.

Advantageously, according to the method the damaged (but non-cracked)material is removed, the lifetime of the rotor is increased and thecause of the damage is removed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further characteristics and advantages will be more apparent from thedescription of a preferred but non-exclusive embodiment of the methodand rotor illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electric machine;

FIG. 2 is a cross section of a particular of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3 through 7 show the steps of the method;

FIG. 8 shows a step of drilling and reaming;

FIGS. 9 through 12 shows a steps of brazing;

FIG. 13 shows a front view of an embodiment of a plug;

FIG. 14 shows an example of a hole; and

FIG. 15 shows an example of a plug.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows an electric machine such as a turbogenerator. The electricmachine 1 has a stator 2 and a rotor 3. The rotor 3 has an active part 4and shafts 5 extending from the ends thereof. Retaining rings 6 areprovided at the ends or the active part 4.

The active part 4 has a rotor core 7 with protruding fingers 8 definingslots 9 for conductors 10; the conductors are connected together todefine a rotor winding. In addition, portions of the conductors 10project outside of the slots 9 and are connected together to define therotor windings; these projecting portions are below the retaining ring6.

Support blocks 12 for the conductors 10 (that define the windings) areprovided at the axial ends of the fingers 8; these support blocks 12 arefixed by screws 13.

For this reason, the fingers 8 have threaded holes 14 that house thescrews 13.

According to the method, the screws 13 and support blocks 12 are removed(FIG. 4).

Then the holes 14 are drilled to increase the diameter thereof (FIG. 5).

Then plugs 16 are provided into the holes 14 (FIG. 6). The plugs 16reduce the stress around the holes 14, because the force within thefingers 8 is a compression force (caused by the retaining rings 6) andthe plugs 16 undergo a substantial part of the compression force (incontrast the screws 13 do not undergo any significant compression force,because of the threaded surfaces).

Then the same or a different support block 12 is glued to the axial endsof the fingers 8 (FIG. 7).

Since the plug 16 are preferably only provided at the holes 14 withoutany cracks, before drilling of any hole 14 and insertion of any plug 16the holes without visible (external) or non-visible (internal) cracksare detected, such that plugs 16 are only inserted into the holes 14without visible or non-visible cracks. The other holes with visible ornon visible cracks can be repaired with a traditional method, such asmaterial removal and reconstruction of the removed parts by welding. Itis anyhow clear that the present method can also be implemented for allholes (i.e. cracked and non cracked holes).

The method is preferably implemented after a given operating period or agiven number of start up cycles. For example since periodicalmaintenance operations are carried out after given operating periods,the method can be implemented at given periodical maintenance operation.For example the method can be implemented after the first or second oralso more periodical maintenance operations.

Detecting can include implementing non-destructive tests, such asultrasound tests, liquid penetration tests, X-ray tests.

The holes 14 have threads with an inner 17 and outer 18 diameter;drilling includes removing material outside of the outer diameter 18 ofthe threads, such that after drilling the hole 14 has a diameter 19larger than the original inner and outer diameter 17, 18. The hole 14after drilling is not threaded. For example the holes after drilling canhave a cylindrical or conical shape (FIG. 14 shows a slightly conicalshape of the holes).

Additionally, after drilling the holes 14 can be reamed, for example toobtain the desired tolerances, generate a round shaped hole or tomitigate notch effects.

In different examples, the plugs 16 can be provided into the holes 14 bypressing, in order to connect them in the hole with a tight fit.

Alternatively the plugs can be connected in the holes by brazing.

In this case brazing preferably includes inserting brazing material 20(for example a disc of brazing material) into the hole 14 (FIG. 9), theninserting the plug 16 into the hole 14 (FIG. 10), then heating (forexample by induction) and pressing the plug 16 against the brazingmaterial 20 (FIG. 11). This causes the molten brazing material to flow Fthough the gap 21 between the plugs 16 and hole 14 to fill it (inaddition some brazing material can also be pushed out).

In order to help introduction of the plug 16 into the hole 14 and theflow F of the molten brazing material, the plugs 16 have a core 23 withat least three protruding ribs 24; for example six protruding ribs 24can be provided. The ribs 24 help to center the plugs 16 in the hole 14and do not hinder plug introduction (for example by friction). The plugs16 are preferably made out of an electric conductive and/or magneticmaterial.

The material of the plugs 16 preferably has an equal or lower thermalexpansion coefficient than the material of the fingers 8; this can helpreducing the tensile stress in operation mode. Preferably this featureis implemented in the case of a press fitted plug, but it is alsopossible in other cases.

In addition, the plug can be made out of a material with a higher yieldstrength than the rotor material; for example the chemical compositionand other properties of the material of the plug can be the same as thematerial of the rotor, and higher yield strength can be obtained bydifferent annealing temperature. Also this feature is preferablyimplemented in the case of a press fitted plug, but it is also possiblein other cases.

The plugs 16 can also have a spring type structure (FIG. 15); this canmake the plugs 16 less sensitive to the interference fit when the plugs16 are pressed into the holes 14. Also this feature is preferablyimplemented in the case of a press fitted plug, but it is also possiblein other cases.

The present disclosure also refers to a rotor 3 of an electric machine.

The rotor 3 has an active part 4 and rotor shafts 5 extending from theends of the active part 4. The active part 4 has a rotor core 7 withprotruding fingers 8 defining slots 9 for conductors 10. The fingers 8have holes 14 and support blocks 12 at their axial ends.

The rotor has plugs 16 connected in the holes 14. The support blocks 12are connected above the plugs 16 for example by glue.

Naturally the features described may be independently provided from oneanother.

In practice the materials used and the dimensions can be chosen at willaccording to requirements and to the state of the art.

1. A method for repairing a rotor having a rotor core with protrudingfingers defining slots for conductors, at least a support block at anaxial end of a finger fixed by a screw, the finger having a hole forhousing the screw, the comprising: removing the screw and the at least asupport block, drilling the hole to increase the diameter thereof, andproviding a plug into the hole.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising gluing the at least a support block to the axial ends of thefinger.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising replacing anoriginal support block with a new support block.
 4. The method of claim1, further comprising detecting the holes without visible or non-visiblecracks, and providing plugs only into the holes without visible ornon-visible cracks.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising beingimplemented after a given operating period or a given number of start-upcycles.
 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the detecting includesimplementing non-destructive tests.
 7. The method of claim 1, whereinthe holes have threads with an inner and outer diameter, whereindrilling includes removing material outside of the outer diameter of thethreads.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plug is provided into thehole by pressing.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the plug isconnected in the holes by brazing.
 10. The method of claim 9, whereinbrazing includes: inserting brazing material into the hole, theninserting the plug into the hole, then heating and pressing the plugagainst the brazing material.
 11. The method of claim 10, furthercomprising heating the brazing material by induction.
 12. The method ofclaim 11, wherein the plug has a core with protruding ribs.
 13. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the plug is made out of a material having anequal or lower thermal expansion coefficient than the material of thefinger.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the plug has a spring typestructure.
 15. A rotor for an electric machine comprising: a rotor corewith protruding fingers, defining slots for conductors, at least asupport block at the axial ends of the fingers, wherein the fingersholes, and plugs connected in the holes.